• A figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole (for example, ABC for alphabet) or the whole for a part ("England won the World Cup in 1966").The part of something to represent the whole or the whole of something used to represent the part.
  
• For example you could say "France is hosting the Olympics", we understand that the city of Paris and a special organization will be hosting the Olympics, not the entirety of France.
  
• Similarly "Take thy face hence." (William Shakespeare, Macbeth), meaning "take your face away" is a part representing a whole, as you are to go away entirely, not only your face.